2003年考研翻译英译汉试题
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
2003年考研翻译英译汉语参考译文（全文翻译）
在任何时候、任何地方人类都会对世界进行思考并且想知道他们在世界中的位置。人类善于思考、富有创造力、拥有永不满足的好奇心。61）而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。因此，用冷静而系统的方式研究极具丰富内涵和个性差异的人类是非常重要的，这样我们就可以希望其研究结果不仅能使人类相互之间更加和谐相处，而且能使人类与地球上的其他形式的生命更加相安无事。
“人类学”（anthropology）一词源于希腊语anthropos（意为“人”）和logos（意为“研究”）。单就名称来说，人类学包含对整个人类的研究。
人类学是社会科学的一部分。62）社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
社会科学中的学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学，其中每门学科都有一个分支或专业与人类学密切相关。
所有社会科学都以研究人类为中心。人类学是一门重视实地考察的学科，它在分析中大量使用比较的方法。63）强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
人类学研究十分重视文化概念。爱德华·泰勒爵士提出的文化概念是19世纪科学中伟大的学术成就之一。64）泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。”这种见解简单而深刻，为认识和理解人类生活提供了一种全新的方法。泰勒的定义中隐含了一个概念，那就是文化是通过学习获得的、共有的、模式化的行为。
65）因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
