；穷国在其中奋力抗争的经济和经济结构的全球化
；由于信息技术不发达而逐渐增大
的“数字化差异
"；法律管理和保护的不善；教育、医疗保健、社会安全保障体系的缺乏，尤其是针对妇女和女童的安全保障体系的缺乏。
4) Individuals and nations need not remain in poverty indefinitely, however. With an awareness of the interdependence of our modern world and a concerted political will, it is possible to reverse this trend that threatens to divide the world against itself. And reversing this trend would have powerful and positive impacts on our future.
但是，这些国家和个人不必毫无止境地贫困下去。意识到当今世界需要相互依赖，在共l司的政治愿望的促使下，扭转这种迫使世界违背自身的愿望而分裂的趋势是有可能的。而扭转这种趋势对我们的未来会产生积极而有力的影响。
5) Bringing the nearly 5 billion people of the less industrialized world into a sustainable economy through “pro-poor” policies would provide a tremendous boost to the world economy, as well as to those people. With increased economic opportunities come improved access to nutrition, education, and health care. With those come higher income, greater autonomy—especially for women—and the opportunity to pursue environmentally sound technologies and products.
执行“扶贫”政策，把来自世界工业发展欠发达地区的近50亿人都纳入到一个可持续经济发展的框架之下，将不仅造福于这50亿人，而且将极大地推动世界经济的发展。随着经济发展机遇的增加，人们获得的营养、教育和医疗保健的水平也得以改善。而这些带来的又是高收入、高度自治——尤其是妇女的高度自治以及追求环保型技术和产品的机遇。
Passage 2
The market for manufactured goods is what economists call “imperfect,” because each company has its own style, and its own reputation; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted to making it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names. Even small businesses that depend upon outside channels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge, and great corporations can differentiate their goods in order to create demand for them.
在经济学家看来，商品市场是“不完善”的，因为每家公司都有它自己的经营风格和声誉，所有的广告艺术和销售技巧通过吸引买方购买特定的品牌使这个市场变得更加不完善。甚至连那些依赖于外部零售经销渠道的小企业可能也有权制定价格，大公司则可以细分它们的产品并创造市场对产品的需求。
In this type of market, supply normally is very elastic. In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It is easier to change the composition of a firm's output than it is to change the production of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off (抽走、转移钱) and invested in something quite different. When business is good, moreover, there is continual new investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labor is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market.
