中国代表团团长成竞业大使在2006年联合国裁军审议委员会一般性辩论上的发言 

2006-04-10 

主席先生：

　　首先，请允许我对你担任本届裁军审议委员会主席表示祝贺。我们高兴地看到，裁审会经过两年的沉寂，又得以重新开始新一轮审议工作。这无疑为各国认真探讨如何进一步推进核裁军、核不扩散和常规领域建立信任措施提供了重要契机。我相信，凭借你的经验和才干，你一定能引导本届会议取得积极结果。中国代表团期待着与你和各国代表团就此进行充分合作。

　　主席先生，

　　自裁审会上一轮3年期审议以来，国际安全形势发生了许多重要变化，其中既有喜也有忧。事态的发展表明，不论是解决传统安全问题，还是应对非传统安全威胁，都需要国际社会协调一致的通力合作，需要充分发挥联合国等多边机制的有效作用。

　　核裁军是本届裁审会的重要议题。近年来，该领域的进展乏善可陈，并且出现了一些令人关注和担忧的动向。中国代表团认为，为推动国际核裁军进程，国际社会应加强以下几方面的努力：

　　一、维护全球战略平衡与稳定。全球战略稳定是核裁军的基础，有关国家应停止研发、部署破坏全球战略稳定的导弹防御系统，不将武器引向外空。

　　二、两个拥有最大核武库的国家应进一步削减核武库，并遵循可核查、不可逆的原则，为最终走向全面、彻底核裁军创造条件。

　　三、核武器国家可考虑在遵循“维护全球战略平衡与稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”的原则基础上采取适当的核裁军中间步骤。

　　四、有关国家尽快签批《全面禁止核试验条约》，使之早日生效。条约生效前，继续维持暂停试至关重要。

　　五、裁谈会应尽快就工作计划达成一致，并就核裁军、对无核国家安全保证、“禁止生产核武器用裂变材料条约”和防止外空军备竞赛问题开展实质性工作。

　　六、核武器国家应尽早就全面、彻底销毁核武器缔结国际法律文书。实现上述目标之前，核武器国家应放弃首先使用核武器，承诺不对无核国家和无核区使用或威胁使用核武器。

　　中国一贯倡导全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器，在核武器的规模和发展方面始终采取极为克制的态度，从不参加核军备竞赛，始终奉行在任何时候和任何情况下都不首先使用核武器、无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的政策。中国恪守在《全面禁止核试验条约》生效前暂停核试验的承诺。中国签署了已开放签署的各项无核武器区条约相关议定书，并积极支持世界其他有关地区建立无核武器区的努力。

　　主席先生，

　　中国坚决反对任何形式的核武器扩散。核武器扩散问题应标本兼治，综合治理。为此，我们主张：

　　一、各国奉行以互信、互利、平等、合作为核心的新安全观。摒弃冷战思维，谋求国际关系的改善，尊重彼此安全利益，努力营造有利于防止核武器扩散和解决有关扩散问题的国际和地区安全环境。

　　二、切实维护和加强国际核不扩散体系。《不扩散核武器条约》是国际核不扩散机制的基石，其完整性、权威性应得到维护，有效性和普遍性应得到加强。无论是核武器国家还是无核武器国家，都应该忠实履行各自的条约义务。

　　三、在国际法框架内，通过政治和外交手段致力于防止核武器扩散。有关举措应有利于维护国际和地区的和平与稳定；通过合作而不是对抗、对话而不是施压寻求问题的妥善解决。

　　四、平衡、和谐地处理防扩散与和平利用核能之间的关系。在充分尊重各国和平利用核能正当权益的同时确保实现防扩散目标。双重标准无助于国际防扩散努力。

　　五、遵循多边主义原则，充分发挥联合国及其他有关国际组织的作用，在各方充分参与的基础上民主决策，以确保核不扩散的公正性、合理性和非歧视性。

　　主席先生，

　　常规武器领域建立信任措施，有助于增进国际和地区安全与稳定。我们认为，该领域的建立信任措施应遵循以下原则：

　　第一，以不减损各国的安全为前提。只有将增进各国普遍安全作为前提和基础，相关倡议才能获得国际社会的普遍支持和参与。

　　第二，遵循因地、因时制宜、求同存异的原则。常规裁军本身的复杂性，以及世界各地区的差异，决定了在这方面不存在一成不变的模式。区域性建立信任措施的经验和做法可供参考，既不能生搬硬套，也不应强加于人。

　　第三，由易到难，循序渐进。在当前条件下，可探讨各国奉行防御性国防政策、军备应控制在合理水平、安全合作不针对第三国等原则性问题，以进一步凝聚共识，为展开具体的信任措施讨论奠定基础。

　　中国奉行防御性的国防政策。过去20多年中，中国裁军近200万，裁减范围之广、幅度之大为国际军控与裁军史所少见。

　　中国奉行“与邻为善，以邻为伴”的睦邻友好政策，高度重视并积极推动区域裁军和建立信任措施合作，与周边邻国达成一系列协定和共识。在“上海合作组织”、“东盟地区论坛”、“亚信”等框架内，中国还与有关国家一起不断做出新的尝试。

　　主席先生，

　　作为唯一的多边裁军审议机构，裁审会的地位和作用无可替代。改进裁审会工作方法应在充分协商的基础上进行，有关办法应有助于加强而非削弱裁审会的地位和作用。中国代表团希望通过各方深入讨论，进一步挖掘裁审会潜力，使其为推进多边军控继续做出有益贡献。

谢谢主席先生。

Statement by H.E. Ambassador CHENG Jingye Head of the Chinese Delegation at the 2006 Substantive Session of United Nations Disarmament Commission 

 2006-04-10 

Mr. Chairman,

First of all, please allow me to congratulate you on your assumption of the Chairmanship of this Session of the UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC). We are pleased that after a deadlock for two years, the UNDC has restarted its new circle of deliberation. This offers an important opportunity for all countries to earnestly explore on how to further promote nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and confidence-building measures in the field of conventional weapons. I am confident that, with your experience and capability, you will steer this session to positive results. The Chinese Delegation is looking forward to carrying out full cooperation with you and other delegations.

Mr. Chairman,

Since the last 3-year review circle of the UNDC, the international security situation has undergone significant changes, with both good news and bad news. The developments indicate that, no matter in resolving traditional security issues or in tackling non-traditional threats, it calls for exhaustive, concerted cooperation of the international community, and demands full effective role of the UN and other multilateral mechanisms.

Nuclear disarmament is an important agenda item of this UNDC session. In recent years, there has been little progress in this area, and there have emerged some tendencies that aroused concerns and worries. The Chinese Delegation believes that, in order to promote nuclear disarmament, the international community should strengthen its efforts in the following aspects:

Firstly, maintaining global strategic balance and stability. Global strategic stability is the basis of nuclear disarmament. Relevant countries should stop research, development and deployment of missile defense systems that are disruptive to global strategic stability, and refrain from introducing weapons into outer space.

Secondly, the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals should further reduce their arsenals in a verifiable and irreversible manner so as to create conditions for comprehensive and complete nuclear disarmament.

Thirdly, nuclear weapon states may consider taking appropriate intermediate steps in nuclear disarmament on the basis of the principles of "maintaining global strategic balance and stability" and "undiminished security for all".

Fourthly, relevant countries should sign and ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) as soon as possible so that the treaty will enter into force at an early date. Before its entry-into-force, it is essential that moratoria on nuclear testing be observed.

Fifthly, the Conference on Disarmament (CD) in Geneva should reach agreement on a programme of work as soon as possible and conduct substantive work on nuclear disarmament, security assurances for non-nuclear-weapon states, fissile material cut-off treaty and prevention of an arms race in outer space.

Sixthly, nuclear weapon states should conclude an international legal instrument on complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons as early as possible. Pending achievement of this objective, nuclear weapon states should, as a first step, renounce the first use of nuclear weapons and undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states or nuclear weapon-free zones.

China has consistently advocated complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons and exercised utmost restraint in the size and development of nuclear weapons. China has never been a part of any nuclear arms race, and always pursues a policy undertaking not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and in any circumstance, and unconditionally undertaking not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states or nuclear weapon-free zones. China acts in strict observance of its commitment of a moratorium on nuclear testing pending the entry-into-force of the CTBT. China has signed all relevant protocols to nuclear weapon free zone treaties open to signature, and actively supported efforts of relevant regions in establishing nuclear weapon-free zones.

Mr. Chairman,

China firmly opposes proliferation of nuclear weapons in any form. Nuclear weapon proliferation has complex root causes and should be addressed comprehensively. In this connection, we propose that the following measures should be taken:

Firstly, countries should pursue a new security concept based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation. We should give up Cold War mentality, improve international relations, respect each other's security interests, and work to create an international and regional security environment favorable to nuclear non-proliferation and solution of the proliferation issues concerned.

Secondly, it is important to earnestly safeguard and strengthen the international non-proliferation regime. The NPT, as the corner stone of nuclear non-proliferation, should have its integrity and authority maintained and its effectiveness and universality strengthened. Both the nuclear weapon states parties and the non-nuclear weapon states parties should observe their respective NPT obligations in good faith.

Thirdly, countries should be committed to nuclear non-proliferation by political and diplomatic means within the framework of international law. Relevant measures should be conducive to maintaining international and regional peace and stability. Proper solutions should be sought through cooperation and dialogue rather than confrontation or coercion.

Fourthly, the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy should be addressed in a balanced and harmonious manner. States' legitimate rights for peaceful use of nuclear energy should be fully respected while ensuring the goal of non-proliferation. Double-standard will not be conducive to international non-proliferation efforts.

Fifthly, it is essential to observe multilateralism, give full play to the role of the UN and other international organizations and pursue democratic decision-making on the basis of full participation by all parties, so as to ensure the just, reasonable and non-discriminatory nature of nuclear non-proliferation.

Mr. Chairman,

Confidence-building measures (CBMs) in the field of conventional arms is conducive to international and regional security and stability. We believe CBMs in the field of conventional arms should go in line with the following principles:

Firstly, the precondition of any CBMs should be undiminished security for all countries. Only in such precondition and on the basis of promoting universal security for all countries can relevant initiatives receive universal support and participation.

Secondly, different measures should be adopted in line with different regions and situations, and countries should seek common ground while shelving differences. The inherent complexity of conventional disarmament, along with regional disparity around the world, determines that there is no fixed formula in this regard. Regional confidence-building experience and measures could provide reference. However, they should neither be copied mechanically nor be imposed upon others.

Thirdly, CBMs should be developed in a step-by-step manner. In the current situation, discussions should focus on issues of principle, such as pursuance of defensive military policy, keeping armaments at reasonable levels, and security cooperation not targeted to a third country. This will help promote consensus and provide a basis for discussions on specific confidence-building measures.

China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. Over the past two decades, China has downsized its military personnel by nearly 2 million. Such wide scope and magnitude of unilateral disarmament are rarely seen in the history of international arms control and disarmament.

China pursues a good-neighborly and friendly policy aimed at building friendship and partnership with neighboring countries. China attaches great importance to and actively promotes cooperation on regional disarmament and CBMs, and has reached a series of agreements and consensus with its neighboring countries. China is also exploring new ways of CBMs with relevant countries in such frameworks as Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA).

Mr. Chairman,

As the only multilateral disarmament deliberation body, the status and role of UNDC are irreplaceable. The improvement of UNDC's working method should be based on full consultation. Relevant measures should be conducive to strengthening, rather than weakening the status and role of UNDC. The Chinese Delegation hopes that we will further explore the potentiality of the UNDC through extensive discussions, with a view to facilitating the UNDC to continue its contributions to multilateral arms control.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.